Stimulated Echoes: Description. Applications. Practical Hints
نویسنده
چکیده
Stimulated echoes are formed from three or more radio frequency pulses. Pulse sequences that use stimulated echoes are extremely versatile because of the availability of three pulses for timing variations and for encoding spatial or chemical shift information. This paper concentrates on the uses of stimulated echoes and on techniques for obtaining them reliably and reproducibly. (Through this understanding, the elimination of undesired stimulated echoes in other pulse sequences should be more straightforward,) Applications include volume-selective spectroscopy; diffusion spectroscopy; and various forms of imaging, such as zoom imaging, chemical-shift-selective imaging, flow imaging, diffusion imaging, multislice imaging, fast imaging, and combinations thereof.
منابع مشابه
Investigation of the Relationship between Ultrasonographic Findings and Analyses of Bladder Contents in Cats
Background: Echoes are frequently observed in cat bladder contents through ultrasonography and often mentioned as incidental findings. No comprehensive study has been conducted so far on the precise echoes nature in the bladder contents ultrasonography in cats. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to provide an accurate description of the cat bladder contents echoes and to specify the relat...
متن کاملTemporal and spatial behavior of photon echoes stimulated from long pulses
To evaluate the coherent saturation effects of continuous optical processing using optical coherent transients we studied the time dependence of the photon echoes stimulated by probe fields with constant amplitudes and durations comparable to the coherent dephasing time. The propagation directions of the long echoes were also found to be different from brief pulse echoes. Echoes in the non-caus...
متن کاملApplication of Model-Based Estimation to Time-Delay Estimation of Ultrasonic Testing Signals
Time-Delay-Estimation (TDE) has been a topic of interest in many applications in the past few decades. The emphasis of this work is on the application of model-based estimation (MBE) for TDE of ultrasonic signals used in ultrasonic thickness gaging. Ultrasonic thickness gaging is based on precise measurement of the time difference between successive echoes which reflect back from the back wall ...
متن کاملExternal Data Selection for Data Mining in Direct Marketing
Today the purchase of external data is necessary for most direct marketing applications. No company can refer to the internal data alone, especially when targeting new customers. This paper discusses an integrated approach detailing how to select external data sources properly. For that, we try to standardize the selection process, to make it repeatable and to give practical hints in order to o...
متن کاملApplication of DENSE-MR-elastography to the human heart.
Typically, MR-elastography (MRE) encodes the propagation of monochromatic acoustic waves in the MR-phase images via sinusoidal gradients characterized by a detection frequency equal to the frequency of the mechanical vibration. Therefore, the echo time of a conventional MRE sequence is typically longer than the vibration period which is critical for heart tissue exhibiting a short T(2). Thus, f...
متن کامل